Branch of the obturator artery (travels through the round ligament of the femur).Has a notch, known as the fovea capitis, to which the round ligament of the hip is attached.A nearly spherical structure that articulates with the acetabulum of the pelvis.Acetabulum of the pelvis to form the hip joint.The femur is the longest and strongest bone of the body. The popliteal fossa is a diamond-shaped region on the posterior aspect of the knee, which contains the popliteal artery and vein and the tibial and common peroneal nerve. The knee joint is perfused by branches of the femoral and popliteal vessels and innervated by the genicular branches of the femoral, obturator, tibial, and common peroneal nerves. The knee joint allows for flexion and extension of the leg as well as a certain degree of internal rotation and external rotation. Soft-tissue structures of the knee include the menisci ( medial and lateral), the cruciate ligaments ( anterior and posterior), the collateral ligaments ( medial and lateral), and the bursae ( prepatellar bursa, anserine bursa). The knee joint consists of the tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joints. The thigh is perfused by the femoral and obturator arteries and drained by the long saphenous vein ( superficial) and the femoral vein (deep). Additional noteworthy anatomic regions in the thigh include the femoral canal, femoral ring, and adductor canal. The femoral triangle is a triangular intermuscular space in the anterior thigh through which pass major neurovascular structures ( femoral artery, femoral vein, femoral nerve). The medial (adductor) compartment, which is innervated by the obturator nerve, contains muscles involved in hip adduction, flexion, and external rotation. The posterior compartment ( hamstrings), which is innervated by the tibial part of the sciatic nerve, contains muscles involved in hip extension and knee flexion. The anterior compartment, which is innervated by the femoral nerve, contains muscles involved in knee extension and hip flexion. The muscles of the thigh are separated by intermuscular septa into the anterior, posterior, and medial (adductor) compartments, all of which are enclosed by the fascia lata. The femur is the long bone of the thigh, which articulates proximally with the acetabulum of the pelvis to form the hip joint and distally with the tibial condyles and the patella to form the knee joint. The space posterior to the knee is referred to as the popliteal fossa. The knee is the joint that connects the thigh and the leg (crus). The thigh is the portion of the lower limb extending from the hip to the knee. The lower extremity consists of the hip, thigh, knee, popliteal fossa, leg (crus), ankle, and foot.
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